Mbolo Yabwinobwinoyo Mukuyibudulilanji?

Musatengeke ndi a ma bungwe onyenga, mdulidwe  utha kuonongerani mbolo ndi kuthekera kwanu pogonana ndi okondedwa anu, utha kukupangitsani kutenga HIV ndi zina zambiri. Tiyeni tiganize limodzi.

Nkhani iyi ndi nkhani yovuta, nkhani ya mdulidweyi akuyikamba ndikuyipititsa patsogolo ndi mabungwe amphamvu monga WHO (UNAIDS) komanso a boma la America.

Mu 2007 bungwe la WHO linagwrizana zomema mayiko onse omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri  omwe ali ndi HIV komanso omwe amuna ambiri sanadulidwe kuti atero. Mwa Amalawi 10 ali onse awiri okha anali odulitsa (80%) mu 2011. Onani apa zankhaniyi.

Koma inu mwina nkufunsa kodi HIV ndi Mdulidwe zikugwirizana pati?

Mu 2007 a WHO ndi UNAIDS anayamba kuuza madotolo kuti mdulidwe uphatikizidwepo pa ndondomeko zogonjestera matenda a HIV. Anayesa izi ku malo atatu: Kisumu, Kenya; Rakai, Uganda ndi ku Orange Farm, South Africa. Mwa omwe anayesedwa anapeza kuti mdulidwe umachepetsa tsoka lotenga HIV ndi thekha (60%).

Atapitakonso ku Uganda kuja mwapompano anakapeza kuti mdulidwe unachepetsa kutenga HIV ndi 73%. Onani apa. Anthu ena amati kafukufukuyu anali wofooka/wosadalilika.

Azasayansi mkafukufuku wawo akuti anapeza kuti mwa anthu 10 ali onse, 7 kapena 8 amatenga HIV pogonana. Akuti kuchikopa cha mbolo chakusogolo chija kuli tithu tina take (CD4 ndi CCR5) tomwe HIV imakakamirako ikakhuzana nato. Tinthuti timapezekanso mkati mwa ntumbo kwa omwe mumagona ndi amuna anzanuni. (Langerhans' cells, and dendritic cells—in the genital and rectal mucosa.) Werengani apa

Nkhani yabwinotu iyi, kukhala ngati. Koma ndiye kunaponyedwa zindalama: $1.5 billion, mukuziwa kuti ndindalama zingati zimenezo? Ndi 1,102,500,000,000.00 Malawian Kwacha! Yonseyo kuti zikopa za mbolo za anthu a kumwera kwa Africa zidulidwe. 

Amafuna kudula mbolo 21 million ndipo akuti kutere kupangitsa US$16.5 billion izapulumutsidwa kamba koti mmalo mopereka mwankwala ndi chithandizo kwa anthu odwala Edzi kuzachepetsedwa.  Onani apa.

Kufika mu Chaka cha 2017 anali atadula mbolo 18 million, ndikhulupilira pano zinafika 21 million ankayifunayo.

Ndatitu kunakhuthulidwa zimakobiri, kuzipatala, kuma nyuzi komanso kuma bungwe mu 2013 nane ndinayankhulapo za nkhani iyi.  Koma kodi izizi nzofunika? Kodi tinaganiza mokuya za nkhani ya mdulidweyi?  Ine maganizo anga ngosiyaniranako pang’ono ndi a madolowa.

Ganizani mwakuya

Mungadye niple? 

Mutati mwalowa mchipinda, mchipinda mmenemo nkukhala azimayi abwino, okongola 10...azimayiwo ndikunena kuti mwa anthu tenife 6 tilibe HIV folo ali nayo, sankhani mmodzi mwa ife mugone naye puleni. Olo atati munali ndi njala ya zaka 7, mbolo yanuyo singadzuke nkomwe.

Umutu ndi mmene a UNAIDS ndi WHO akuganiziratu.

Chachiwiri mayiko ena monga Ethiopia kapena Egypt amadula ka nyemba ka ku nyini kwa azimayi, cholinga kuti ati azimayi asamve kukoma pogonana komanso asaganize za kugonana… ma report ena amanena kuti mwa azimayi 10 alione aku Egypt, 8 alibe kanyemba kaja, makolo awo anadula. Nkani yoopsa kwabasi, a UN ndi mabungwe ali pakalikiliki kuthetsa mchitidwewu, ku mangalande makolo ena anamangidwapo ata dula nyemba za ana awo aakazi. Akuti kutero nkuphwanya ufulu wa azimayi, komanso kuvulaza ana, komanso ana osakwana zaka 18 amakhala asanakhwime maganizo mokwanila kuti avomeleze izizi.

Ku South Africa, Children’s Act yawo ya 2005 imaletsa kudula mbolo za ana osakwana zaka 16 kupatula asilamu kapena za ku mtundu.

Nanga ana athu akudulidwa mbolo kunowa akudziwa chomwa akuchita? Ndikukhala ku Kawale ndimakhala ndi ma cousin anga omwe tsiku lina anabwera kunyumba atadulidwa. Kodi dziko lino li ndi malamulo? Zikusiyana pati kudula mbolo za amuna ndi kudula nyemba za atsikana?

Nkani yayikulu yina ndi kupanda umboni kwa anzathu amene amapanga zimeneziwa.

Atafunsa anthu ku zambia, 94% anati akufuna adulitse kuti asatenge matenda opatsilana pogonana. Ku Nyanza Province, Kenya, 55%  ya amuna amati iwo amakhulupirira kuti akazi amakonda kuchindidwa ndi amuna odulidwa. Akazi aku Nyanzako, ena oti sanachindanepo ndi mwamuna odulidwa amakhulupilira kuti mamuna odulidwa amachinda ngati porn star.

Kumalawi kuno mu kafukufuku wawo a Ngalande ndi anzawo nawo anapeza kuti amauna amafuna mdulidwe chifukwa amafuna kukhala ma Tchale pogonana komanso chifukwa amafuna ataziteteza kumatenda.

Pankhani iyi tichedwepo, mu kafuku wa A Munthali ndi azungu ena awari omwe adapanga ku Zomba adapeza kuti: Anthu omwe adalandira uthenga wa kuopsa kwa HIV anachepetsa uhule, izi sizinatengele kuti ndiodulidwa kapena ayi.

Komano amuna ambiri (50%) anauza a Munthali ndi anzawo kuti anthu odulidwa sangapereke matenda kwa azimayi. Azimayi (80%) nawonso anali ndi zikhulupiliro za bozdzazi zoti mwamuna wodulidwa sangapereke HIV. Werengani apa.

Mwina simunamve bwinobwinotu anthuwa akadulidwa akumaganiza kuti sangatenge ndikupereka  HIV. Simukutha kuoona kuti anthu odulidwa akuwaza ma puleni ambiri kunjaku?

Chinanso ndi ichi: Anthu ambiri amene akutenga ndikupereka HIV ku Malawi siakumidzi, si osaphunzira…komanso si ana…HIV yambiri yili mwa anthu amene adapitilira ndi ma phunziro. Ilinso kwambiri pakati pa anthu okwatira. Onani apa

Data ikunena zina

HIV ilinso kwambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi ndalama. Kwa ine Ndalama ndi yimene ikupangitsa anthu ambiri kuti atenge matendawa chifukwa mahule ndi atsikana amakhala ophweka ndi ndalama mmene tidziwira Malawi muja. (Kumbukirani: mukakumana ndi mahule awiri ku Malawi, mmodzi wawo ali ndi HIV).

Zodabwitsa

Chodabwitsanso nchoti anthu amene miyambo yawo yimapanga kale mdulidwe ndiamenenso alinso ndi HIV yambiri: kum’mwera kwa Malawi cha ku Zomba ndi Mangochi kusiyana ndi anthu omwe sayelekedza nkomwe kudula mbolo zawo monga aku Chitipa.  Izi zikukuuzani chani?

Kupatula kuziletsa palibe chimateteza munthu ku HIV kuposa kondomu (98%).  Mmalo momema anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito ma kondomu nthawi zonwe, mmalo moyika ndalama zambiri mma kondomu nchifukwa chani ma billion akupita ku mdulidwe? Mchaka cha 2017, Malawi imasoweka makondomu 19 million. Nchifukwa chani amabungwe ali kalikiliki ndi mdulidwe pomwe njira yabwino koposa akuyinyala?

Izi ndizimene Van Howe ndi Mzake anapeza mukafukufuku wawo, iwo anapeza kuti mdulidwe utha kupititsa pastogolo HIV kwathu kuno. Iwo anati mdulidwe ukutenga ndalama zofunikira pomwe zipatso zake nzochepa. Van Howe anati kupanga mdulidwe umodzi umatenga ndalama zokwana zogulira ma condom 3000. Werengani apa ndi penanso apa.

Inayamba kutsika kale HIV

Chinanso ndi ichi, padziko lonse lapansi anthu amene akutenga HIV pachaka akucheperachepera, inde ngakhale kumalawi kuno anthu pafupifupi 50 thousand amatenga matendawa pachaka, komabe, zinthu zikusintha.

Program ya dziko la américa ya Pepfar mwina pano yadya 100 billion dollars, koma nanga nchifukwa chani anthu sakusintha machitidwe? Mwina apa mumvapo zifukwa koma kwa ine nkhani ndi ija ya ndalama. Kwa anthu osaukafe tikapeza ndalama timafuna tipange zinthu zimene sitinkapanga tili osauka: Kunyenga akazi ambiri/ okongola/odula. Komanso ma program a Pepfar ndi a tchalichi amangolimbikitsa kupewa komanso safikira ma hule ndi ma geyi zonsezi zikupangitsa kupita patsogolo HIV.

Ena nkumati ati anthu odulidwa amakhala aukhondo, ndikukumbukira nthawi imeneyo a Zodiak atalandila zimpukutu za ndalama ankayikoka nkhani iyiyi, kodi onunkha mkamwa timawadula milomo? Onunkha kunkhwapa adulidwe manja? Nanga tikuduliranji chikopa cha mbolo ponamizila ukhondo?

Umaoneka dolo ukamapanga mdulidwe, koma amuna ambiri akudandaula ndipo ena akuvutika/ kuononga ndalama zankhaninkhani  kubwezeretsa kachikopa ka ku tsogolo kwamboloko.

Mukadulidwa, kutsogolo kwambolo kumauma, kumachita kuda bii, anthu amati amuna odulidwa amatha kuchinda chifukwa choti amatenga nthawi asanawazire kamba koti mbolo yawo imafunika kuthentha kwambiri kuti imve kukoma. Koma nanga muzapanga izi mpaka liti? Nkana anthu awawa akumawaza ma plain chifukwa mbolo yoguga mkondomu nde mbola.

Kachikopako kamatetedza mbolo, madala. Mukamayenda malaya amayikwecha mbolo. Mukadula mboloyo muzabunyula bwanji poti pobunyula timasuntha kachikopako?

Komanso musayiwale kuti ku kachikopako kuli ma eliyolo (nerve-endings) migolomigolo amene amathandiza kuti tiyimve kukoma gemu. Kudula kachikopako zili ngati kumudula kongo mzimayi – mwamupha.

Anthu ena akadulidwa amakanika kuyidzutsa mbolo, ena amadzipha, ana ena amafa, ena amapunduka, komanso ena moyo wawo onse umaonongeka, mutha kukhala inu.

Yang’anani kuno madala, ngati mumatha kuwerenga, ngati munamaliza form folo, ngati muli shasha, ngati muli ndi phoni ya tachi, kodi mpakana mukufunika azungu apereke ma billion nkukukudulani mbolo chifukwa choti inuyo panokha simumatha kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu?

 Mwaonatu? Akukutengani ngati okanika, opanda nzeru, akuti inuyo mumakonda puleni ndipo kuti mwina akutetezeni mwina akuduleni kakutsogoloko. Zoona madala?

Kodi momwe ku Russia HIV ikukwereramo a UN apita kukawadula mbolo kumenekonso kapena izizi nza anthu osauka, akuda, osaphunzirafe?

Ku America anthu ambiri anadulidwa (80%?) ndi chikhalidwe chawo, mdulidwe kwa iwo uli ngati hamala, akufuna msomali. Msomali anaupeza kuno, anabwera akuziwa kuti akufuna chani, sanafunse munthu anangoyamba zawozo. Inu werengani apa kuti muone mabodza aanthuwa.

99 pelecenti iyi

Ngati mumatha kuwerenga, simufunika kudula mbolo yabwinobwinoyo, pezani kondomu musanayiviyike, kayedzetseni ndi okondedwa anu ngati inuyo puleni mwayifunisisa.

Tikufalitsa matenda ndife anthu ophunzirafe. Okwatiwafe. Andalamafe. Anthu okhala ndi ma foni a intanetife. Ngati akufuna kuthetsa HIV, ayambe mdulidwe wa anthufe, koma ine maganizo anga ndiakuti, anthufe timadziwa kale zomwe tingachite kuti tithetse HIV, tisapangitse ana ndi anthu akumidzi kupundulidwa kumoyo ponamizila HIV.

Sitikukana, anthu ena odulidwa amatha kusatenga HIV, koma kupanga mdulidwe ku mayiko oti HIV ili paliponse, komwenso anthu ngosauka ndiponso osaphunzira kukungolimbikitsa anthu kunyenga ma puleni. Tiyeni tipange zama uthenga ndi makondomu, ndalama musadyere pamutu pa anthu osaziwa.

For a summary of my jumbled arguments in English read this and this, and watch the funnyman from TruTV:

Mdulidwe ungachepetse tsoka lotenga HIV

Akatswiri a za kafukufuku apeza kuti kupanga mdulidwe kutha kuchepetsa tsoka la mwamuna kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi ka HIV.

Atalengedza za kafukufukuyo, bungwe lowona za umoyo pa ziko  lapansi la WHO ndi bungwe la mgwirizano wa mayiko onse la United Nations anavomereza kuti mdulidwe ndi njira imodzi yochopetsa kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV.

Malawi monga mayiko ena akumusi kwa chipululu cha Sahara nndi dziko limodzi lomwe lili ndi vuto lalikulu la kachirombo ka HIV.

Mwa a Malawi khumi aliwonse mmodzi ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, A Malawi odutsa zikwi makumi anayi (44,000) amawalira ndi matenda oyamba chifukwa cha HIV chaka chilichonse komanso komanso ena ofanana ndi nambala yomwalirayo amatenga kachiromboko chaka chilichonse.

Izi zikubwera pomwe njira zopewera kutenga kachiromboka  monga ma kondomu zili mbwee komanso mauthenga ofalitsa kufunika kwa kuziletsa ndi kuopsa kwa HIV ali pali ponse mmawayilesi ndi mumatchalitchi momwe.

Ndi nthawi yoti a Malawi avomereze mudulidwe ngati njila imodzi yothandizila kuthana ndi kachiromboka?

Mkulu oyang'anira anthu owgira ntchito za udotolo mu boma la Lilongwe bambo Mwawi Mwale adasimikiza za kufunika kwa mdulidwe.

“Mdulidwe umabweretsa ukhondo pa munthu, umachepetsa tsoka lotenga kachirombo, koma sikuti munthu odulidwa asagwiritse ntchito kondomu, kondomu igwire ntchito nthawi zonse

Azimayi amakwaniritsidwa kwambiri ndi mzibambo wodulidwa, komanso nawonso amapindula chifukwa cha ukhondo  umene mdulidwe umabweretsa,”

Adatero a Mwale.

Boma la Malawi lili pa kalikiliki kuyetsetsa kuti a Malawi ambiri apange mdulidwe.

Chipatala cha Bwaila ku Lilongwe chomwe chinkatchedwa Botomu chili pa kalikiliki kupangitsa mdulidwe mwaulere kwa anthu a mu boma la Lilongwe ndi madera ozungulira.

“Indedi tikupaga mdulidwe pa chipatala cha Bwaila  kapena kuti Botomu. Pompano tiyamba  kupanga mdulidwewu m'madera ena  kudzera mu zipatala zazing'onozing'ono.

Mdulidwe sumawawa kwambiri munthu amakhala bwino bwino pakangotha masiku asanu ngakhale kuti timamulesa kuti asakagone ndi mkazi wake kwa ma sabata angapo kuti achile bwinio bwino kaye,” adatero bambo Mwale.

Kafukufuku anapeza kuti mwa anthu makumi khumi amene anapanga mdulidwe anthu makumi asanu ndi awiri amatha kusatenga kachirombo ka HIV akagona ndi mkazi woti ali ndi kachiromboko.

Pakati Alomwe ndi Ayao omwe anapanga mdulidwe, kafukufuku waboma anapeza kuti ambiri amene ali ndi kachirombo ndi omwe sanapangitse mdulidwe.

Izi zili chonchi chifukwa mdulidwe umachotsa khungu limene limavindikirira kusogolo kwa joni wa amuna. Kuchoka kwa khunguli kumapangitsa kuti timabowo timene tinaliko titsekeke komanso kuti kustogoloko kukhwime.

Mwamuna odulidwa akamagona ndi mkazi samachekekachekeka chifukwa choti kutsogolo kwake kunakhwima, ndiye poti HIV imalowera mumabala odza kaamba kochekeka pogonana ndi maboo omwe sasekeka chifukwa chakhungu lakutsogolo, anthu odulidwa ali ndi mwayi osatenga kachiromboka.

Amuna omwe anadulidwa amakhalanso amphamvu chifukwa kukhwima kwa kusogolo kwa joni wawo kumapangitsa kuti asamalize msanga akamagwira ntchito yachikulu ndi akazi awo.

Nanga ndichifukwa chani a Malawi sakuthamangira kukapangitsa mdulidwe?

Mwa a Malawi asanu aliwonse m'modzi yekha ndi amene ali wodulidwa, anthu ambiri amawona ngati mdulidwe ndi wa chisilamu kapena a Yao chomwe chili chinthu cholakwika chifukwa panopa mdulidwe wuli ngati makondomu: aliyense ofuna moyo amagwiritsa ntchito posaona ndi kuopa mtundu, kapena chipembezo.

“Mdulidwe si wa mtundu umodzi wokha, ndi wa mwamuna aliyense,” adatero a Mwale.